There is
much concern that Elon Musk’s Starlink intends to provide satellite
internet coverage to the US following the failure of its Red Sea “Operation Prosperity Guardian” alliance to curb Yemen’s pro-Palestinian front.
This conversation has gained traction since the company’s announcement on
18 September that it would launch services in Yemen after months of
informal contracts with the Saudi-backed government in Aden. The timing
of this announcement raised eyebrows, especially as it coincided with
Israel’s terrorist attacks in Lebanon involving exploding pagers and walkie-talkies.
A US-backed initiative
Starlink is a satellite-based infrastructure developed
by SpaceX, the subsidiary of billionaire Elon Musk – who is also a
close friend of former US president Donald Trump. It is designed to
provide high-speed internet access, particularly in remote areas like
conflict zones, by deploying a network of thousands of satellites in
low-Earth orbit (LEO).
The announcement that Yemen would
be the first country in West Asia to have full access to its services
surprised many – particularly because the US embassy in Yemen was quick
to praise the move as an “achievement” that could unlock new opportunities.
The
Ministry of Communications in the Aden government said that “the launch
of the Starlink service came within the framework of efforts to face
the challenges resulting from the conflict,” while Abdul Rahman
al-Mahrami, the pro-UAE vice president of the Presidential Leadership
Council, emphasized that Starlink would offer secure connections in the
face of the ongoing conflict.
It is worth noting that the UAE had already provided Starlink services to its field hospitals in Gaza, even though Elon Musk had previously refused to offer them to the besieged enclave carpet-bombed by Israel for the past year.
Sanaa’s skepticism
The
rival Sanaa government, under which most of Yemen’s population lives,
was quick to warn that the Starlink project may pose a threat to Yemen
and its national security. Mohammed al-Bukhaiti, a member of
Ansarallah’s political bureau, criticized the US embassy’s stance, which
he says:
Confirms the relationship between the launch
of Starlink and the war launched by America on Yemen, which threatens
to expand the conflict to the orbits of outer space for the first time
in history.
An official in Sanaa’s Ministry of Communications also stated:
This
behavior clearly confirms the disdain of the mercenaries for the
sovereignty and independence of Yemen and their willingness to harm the
security and stability of the country in favor of foreign powers, so it
was not surprising that the decision was welcomed by the Americans.
In March, the Financial Times reported
that the US and UK faced intelligence shortfalls in their Red Sea
campaign, particularly regarding the capabilities of the
Ansarallah-aligned forces’ arsenal. This intelligence gap underlined the
west’s need for a reliable spy network, and Starlink’s role in this
context raises serious questions.
A Reuters report
revealed that SpaceX had signed secret contracts with the US Department
of Defense to develop a spy satellite system capable of detecting
global threats in real time.
Major General Khaled Ghorab, a Yemeni expert in military affairs, tells The Cradle that
the timing of this move is linked to US losses resulting from Yemen’s
naval operations in the Red Sea. He believes the deployment of satellite
communications is part of a broader strategy for a new kind of warfare
that blends on-the-ground actions with satellite-based intelligence.
Against
the backdrop of the recent pager explosions in Lebanon, Ghorab
highlights the security risks inherent in this project, including the
violation of Yemen’s sovereignty and the potential for Starlink’s use in
supporting US and coalition military operations.
Israeli involvementAnother concerning aspect is the involvement of Israel. Israel’s spy satellites,
OFEK-13 and OFEK-14, are reportedly linked to Starlink’s satellite
network. SpaceX, as a third party, may provide critical guidance and
intelligence to these satellites, further enhancing Tel Aviv’s
surveillance capabilities in the region. This connection between
Starlink and Israeli intelligence efforts has heightened fears in Yemen
that the satellite network will be used to undermine the country’s
security and sovereignty.
Currently, Starlink services are
available primarily in Yemeni areas controlled by the Saudi and UAE-led
coalition, although roaming packages allow temporary access in other
regions. This has prompted concerns about data security, privacy, and
the spread of misinformation, as unrestricted satellite internet
bypasses local government control.
One of the most pressing issues
is the potential for the leakage of sensitive security information to
foreign intelligence agencies, which could compromise Yemen’s national
defense and security efforts. Additionally, there is a looming threat to
individual privacy, as the network might be used to eavesdrop on
personal communications without any form of local oversight. This could
lead to breaches of private data on a large scale.
Moreover, cybersecurity risks are
particularly troubling, as the network might be exploited for dangerous
purposes, including facilitating terrorist activities like bombings.
The presence of a global satellite internet service that bypasses local
regulations raises concerns about its potential to disrupt local
internet infrastructure.
A technological leap or a Trojan horse?
Starlink
could also introduce unfair competition to local provider Yemen Net,
further marginalizing the national telecom provider and hindering local
development efforts.
At a societal level, unrestricted internet
access carries the risk of exposing users to inappropriate content,
spreading misinformation, and circumventing government censorship
mechanisms. This poses a threat to social security, as it could
facilitate the dissemination of harmful or destabilizing information.
So
the risks of Starlink’s entry into Yemen are far-reaching, impacting
not only security but also in also broader social, political, and
economic dynamics.
Dr Youssef al-Hadri, a right-wing political affairs researcher, shared his views with The Cradle on
the recent events in Lebanon and the ongoing electronic warfare
involving the US and its allies. According to Hadri, intelligence
agencies operating in areas under the control of the Sanaa government
face challenges in detecting the locations of missiles, drones, and
military manufacturing sites.
This shortfall became even more apparent after a major intelligence operation exposed a long-running spy cell in Yemen, with activities spanning across multiple sectors.
From
the risk of espionage to the undermining of local telecom providers,
the implications of Starlink’s operations extend far beyond providing
internet access – they could become a vehicle for foreign influence and
control.
The first step in confronting and countering this
conspiracy is to initiate a comprehensive media and government campaign
aimed at raising awareness about the dangers posed by Starlink. Then
call for the criminalization of any collaboration with the company,
equating it to acts of espionage.
In tandem, local telecom
provider Yemen Net should prioritize improving service quality and
reducing prices, thereby offering citizens a viable alternative and
diminishing the appeal of foreign providers like Starlink.
~ Mawadda Iskandar is a journalist and a researcher specializing in Gulf
affairs; she has produced several documentaries and published research.