In Indonesia, leaked plan for US military overflights triggers sovereignty row
Internal warnings reveal a government split over risks that blanket access for US warplanes could drag Indonesia into foreign conflicts
A leaked plan to grant the US military sweeping overflight access to Indonesia's airspace has triggered a domestic backlash over concerns that Jakarta is "colluding with the aggressor" amid Washington's war on Iran.
Analysts say the defence document, first reported by New Delhi-based newspaper the Sunday Guardian, raises concerns that President Prabowo Subianto may be trading away Indonesia's strategic independence.
The proposal, which reportedly emerged following a meeting in February between Prabowo and US President Donald Trump, is said to grant American military aircraft "blanket" overflight access to the Southeast Asian nation's airspace for contingency operations, crisis response and joint exercises.
Indonesia's defence ministry on Monday acknowledged the existence of the plan but said it had not been finalised, describing it as a draft "letter of intent" still undergoing review. It further stressed that the government maintained full control of Indonesian airspace.
On Wednesday, foreign ministry spokesperson Yvonne Mewengkang said Indonesia had no policy granting unrestricted access to its airspace to any foreign party, and that the US proposal remained under internal consideration. She said any form of cooperation with Washington would remain subject to Indonesia's national mechanisms and procedures.
Behind the scenes, divisions have emerged. According to a Reuters report on Wednesday, Indonesia's foreign ministry sent a letter marked urgent and confidential to the defence ministry in early April warning that granting blanket overflight rights risked entangling Jakarta in foreign conflicts.
Indonesian Defence Minister Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin flew to Washington to meet his US counterpart Pete Hegseth later in April and sign a "major defence cooperation partnership" aimed at bolstering regional security through military modernisation, increased interoperability and expanded joint exercises.
Both developments suggest that former military general Prabowo is "increasingly comfortable" pursuing closer defence ties with the US, according to Abdul Rahman Yaacob, a research fellow at the Rabdan Security and Defence Institute think tank in the United Arab Emirates.
Indonesian airspace itself could become contested, effectively drawing the country into a conflict it seeks to avoid Abdul Rahman Yaacob confirmed.
At the operational level, overflight access would allow US aircraft to slash transit times from bases in Australia or the Indian Ocean "to key theatres such as the Philippines and South Korea", he said.
But Rahman warned that granting such access could expose Indonesia to "retaliation or escalation".
"Indonesian airspace itself could become contested, effectively drawing the country into a conflict it seeks to avoid," he said.
"Early signs of domestic backlash, particularly in online discourse, suggest sensitivity to any perceived erosion of strategic autonomy or non-alignment."
Perception problems
Any agreement granting the US military broad overflight rights "has the potential to create a misleading impression in the eyes of China", said Febry Triantama, an assistant professor of international relations at Paramadina University in Indonesia.
Not only could such a move prove costly if conflict were to erupt in the South China Sea, it is also unclear what Indonesia actually stands to gain, according to Febry.
While the advantages to Washington were obvious, he said the benefits to Jakarta were "not visible and raise questions" - especially as Indonesia is not a formal US ally.
Febry also raised the possibility that the overflight access might be linked to trade negotiations: under Trump, several countries leveraged defence commitments and military procurement to secure better tariff terms with Washington.
![]() |
| Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto (left) at US President Donald Trump's inaugural 'Board of Piss'. |
Indonesia itself agreed in February to a 19 per cent US tariff on most of its goods - down from a threatened 32 per cent, but far higher than the near-zero rates it previously enjoyed.
Days later, the effective rate dropped even lower following a US Supreme Court ruling that struck down Trump's "reciprocal" tariff regime, at least temporarily.
Alfin Febrian Basundoro, a lecturer in international relations at Airlangga University in Surabaya, said the controversy risked criticism that Prabowo was "becoming increasingly accommodating" of Trump.
He pointed to public resentment over Indonesia's muted response to the US-Israel war on Iran and Prabowo's participation in the recently convened "Board of Peace" that many in Indonesia see as one of "Trump's political tools".
Taken together, these moves could "further fuel public sentiment that the Indonesian president is colluding with the aggressor", Alfin said.
'No 1 violator'
The US military has a long track record of disregarding Indonesia's airspace sovereignty.
Admiral Yudo Margono, then chief of the Southeast Asian nation's armed forces, told parliament in 2023 that the US had "always been the No 1 violator of Indonesian airspace", with 11 unauthorised flights recorded in the first half of that year alone.
Between January 2024 and April 2025, US military aircraft reportedly conducted surveillance operations over the South China Sea on 18 occasions in violation of Indonesia's territorial waters and airspace.
Critics argue that formalising such access, rather than curbing violations, would reward bad behaviour and normalise what should remain a sovereignty red line.
Foreign military aircraft are currently required to obtain permits from Indonesia's foreign ministry and military headquarters.
The US would require "significant freedom" for its military assets should conflict erupt in the Taiwan Strait, Alfin said, almost certainly involving Indonesian airspace.
























