By Hajduk28
August 28th, 2013
Video on the CIA funding and manipulation of the U.S. news media.
Operation Mockingbird was a secret Central Intelligence Agency campaign
to influence domestic and foreign media beginning in the 1950s.
According to the Congress report published in 1976:
“The CIA currently maintains a network of several hundred foreign
individuals around the world who provide intelligence for the CIA and at
times attempt to influence opinion through the use of covert
propaganda. These individuals provide the CIA with direct access to a
large number of newspapers and periodicals, scores of press services and
news agencies, radio and television stations, commercial book
publishers, and other foreign media outlets.”
Senator Frank Church argued that misinforming the world cost American taxpayers an estimated $265 million a year.
In 1948, Frank Wisner was appointed director of the Office of Special
Projects (OSP). Soon afterwards OSP was renamed the Office of Policy
Coordination (OPC). This became the espionage and counter-intelligence
branch of the Central Intelligence Agency. Wisner was told to create an
organization that concentrated on “propaganda, economic warfare;
preventive direct action, including sabotage, anti-sabotage, demolition
and evacuation measures; subversion against hostile states, including
assistance to underground resistance groups, and support of indigenous
anti-Communist elements in threatened countries of the free world.”
Later that year Wisner established Mockingbird, a program to
influence the domestic and foreign media. Wisner recruited Philip Graham
from The Washington Post to run the project within the industry.
According to Deborah Davis in Katharine the Great; “By the early 1950s,
Wisner ‘owned’ respected members of The New York Times, Newsweek, CBS
and other communications vehicles.”
In 1951, Allen W. Dulles persuaded Cord Meyer to join the CIA.
However, there is evidence that he was recruited several years earlier
and had been spying on the liberal organizations he had been a member of
in the later 1940s. According to Deborah Davis, Meyer became
Mockingbird’s “principal operative.”
In 1977, Rolling Stone alleged that one of the most important
journalists under the control of Operation Mockingbird was Joseph Alsop,
whose articles appeared in over 300 different newspapers. Other
journalists alleged by Rolling Stone Magazine to have been willing to
promote the views of the CIA included Stewart Alsop (New York Herald
Tribune), Ben Bradlee (Newsweek), James Reston (New York Times), Charles
Douglas Jackson (Time Magazine), Walter Pincus (Washington Post),
William C. Baggs (The Miami News), Herb Gold (The Miami News) and
Charles Bartlett (Chattanooga Times). According to Nina Burleigh (A Very
Private Woman), these journalists sometimes wrote articles that were
commissioned by Frank Wisner. The CIA also provided them with classified
information to help them with their work.
After 1953, the network was overseen by Allen W. Dulles, director of
the Central Intelligence Agency. By this time Operation Mockingbird had a
major influence over 25 newspapers and wire agencies. These
organizations were run by people with well-known right-wing views such
as William Paley (CBS), Henry Luce (Time and Life Magazine), Arthur Hays
Sulzberger (New York Times), Alfred Friendly (managing editor of the
Washington Post), Jerry O’Leary (Washington Star), Hal Hendrix (Miami
News), Barry Bingham, Sr., (Louisville Courier-Journal), James Copley
(Copley News Services) and Joseph Harrison (Christian Science Monitor).
The Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) was funded by siphoning of
funds intended for the Marshall Plan. Some of this money was used to
bribe journalists and publishers. Frank Wisner was constantly looking
for ways to help convince the public of the dangers of communism. In
1954, Wisner arranged for the funding of the Hollywood production of
Animal Farm, the animated allegory based on the book written by George
Orwell.
According to Alex Constantine (Mockingbird: The Subversion Of The
Free Press By The CIA), in the 1950s, “some 3,000 salaried and contract
CIA employees were eventually engaged in propaganda efforts”. Wisner was
also able to restrict newspapers from reporting about certain events.
For example, the CIA plots to overthrow the governments of Iran (See:
Operation Ajax) and Guatemala (See: Operation PBSUCCESS).